Business Strategy of Human Resource Planning-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the challenges that are posed by globalisation and the changes that should be brought into practice in the arena of human resources planning. Answer: Introduction Human Resource Planning is primarily aimed at fulfilling objectives in relation to manpower requirement. It helps in mobilizing recruited resources for the production of an organization. Human resource planning aims to link the business strategy with that of the operations of an organisation. It ensures that the activities of the organization are carried out in a smooth manner and it recruits people so that the objectives of the organization can be realized. It acts as a tool that can help in assuring future availability in relation to manpower in order to successfully carry out the activities of the organization (Cummings Worley, 2014). Human Resource Planning is of crucial importance as it can help in dealing with the external environment factors. It recruits capable and talented personnel and recruits the right people who can successfully contribute for the betterment of the organization. Human resource planning is the process that assures that qualified persons are recruited in the organization who can meet the needs of enterprise and provide satisfaction to individuals (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). This essay discusses the challenges in relation to labour demand and supply and how scenario planning can help the human resources to deal with the external changes effectively in relation to Australian business. Changes brought by technology and its implications for human resources planning Large-scale technological developments are taking place on account of globalisation and it reduces the demand of unskilled labour. This is one of the major threats that is posed due to globalisation. Direct foreign investment only serves the highly skilled workers and do not bother about cheap worker. Traditional nature in relation to work has undergone a vast change on account of advances made in the field of technology (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). It has created scope for innovative occupations that favour those who are highly specialized. There is dearth of new job openings and deterioration in relation to real wage rate as a result of globalization in the case of developing economies. The developing economies could not adapt with the new technologies and as a consequence they were struggling owing to globalisation (Kavanagh, Johnson, 2017). The labour clause being implemented will have negative implications on economic growth in developing countries within which child labou r exists. Globalization will cause the manufacturing-producing countries to reap the benefit of trade liberalization and a small share will go to the agricultural-producing countries. Policy in relation to structural adjustment like that of privatization signifies that unemployment will increase in Australia because privatization is generally accompanied by reduction in relation to demand of labour (Brotchie et al., 2017). Demographic Changes and its effect on Human Resources Planning Retirement of the employee of an organization has consequences for the organization. Retirement makes way for a young person to step into the organization when an old employee steps down from the organization. Experience helps in enriching the knowledge and skill sets of a person and the retirement of an old employee thus poses a challenge for the growth and reputation of an organization. Small number of retirement can have a massive influence on the organization and produces adverse results for the organization on account of loss of knowledge along with decline of durability in relation to organizational value (Hakansson, 2015). An area that is crucial for the organization is in relation to loss of gained knowledge that happens when an employee retires. The role of human resources planning is to find out how the strengthen the process of knowledge transfer from those employees who are preparing to retire to that of the younger employees. The knowledge transfer can be ensured by the appreciation of the knowledge of employees who are approaching the retirement age. A climate of mutual respect along with trust should be built among the parties and organizational conditions should be created by the human resource planning so that it can help the employees within the organization to learn and grow (Tate et al., 2014). Another challenge in relation to human resources planning in Australia is in relation to creating an incentive system that enables the employees of older age to stay motivated within the organization. The techniques that are used for motivating the elder people differ from that of the young employees within an organization. The human resource planning often does not take cognizance of the fact that needs and expectations of the elder employees undergo change with the passage of time (Amer, Daim Jetter, 2013). New tools should be developed by the human resource management of Australia that would be appropriate for the current feature of the employees. Succession Planning in Human Resources A replacement chart contains the list of all critical job roles within a company and the employees who are positioned in various roles and their competency that can prove to be useful in case of future succession planning. The employees who have the relevant skill sets along with knowledge for the particular position are tagged and in this particular method the potential replacement are found in the organization (Wolf Floyd, 2017). The details of all the potential candidates along with that of their age, skills and experience can be found in the replacement chart. A competitive analysis is carried out in regard to the experience and skill set of the employees and the candidates who can best serve the particular position are then selected. An organization can thus make use of succession planning that can help in the identification of internal KSAs (Knowledge, Skills and Abilities). Success at one level within the organization chart does not necessarily mean success at the higher leve ls. The decisions related to employee selection should be based on who can perform the best job. In this age of globalisation where there is so much of competition internal replacement chart proves to be ineffective in the arena of selection of the best candidate (Crettenden et al., 2014). The job positions at the higher level are more responsible ones and they are qualitatively different from those at the lower level. People should be selected and developed on the basis of their qualitative differences. In the scenario of succession planning, people tend to get promoted till they reach a level where they cannot meet the job challenges. The modern age of globalisation is extremely competitive and recruiting people to positions who do not have the skill set and competence to justify their position and deliver efficient performance can ruin the reputation of the organization by curtailing the growth of the company (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Scenario Planning in Human Resources Human resource planning is concerned with the application of tools that can have a positive impact on the way of life of the organizational workers. Scenario planning can act as an effective tool that helps in considering plausible futures and embrace different point of view regarding the future that can prove to be of immense benefit for human resources planning in an organization. They conceive of how the future can look like and this can be used as a strategic tool for the progress of the organization. Scenario planning can help the organizations in Australia to leverage its human resources development forces that can prove to be useful for shaping the business of the organization. The scenarios can prove to be useful for the assessment of the future of the company and can render useful service in the arena of human resources planning (Cummings Worley, 2014). Scenario Planning can act as a practical alternative to that of strategic planning as it can help in avoiding the pitfalls in relation to prediction. Scenario planning can help in challenging the perception of member of organization by the help of exploration of stories that covers a wide gamut of potential outcomes. Scenario planning is the gauging of alternative future environment within which decisions regarding future can be played out in Australian business in order to change the process of current thinking that can help in improving the decision making of the organisation. Scenario Planning is helpful in creating multiple, divergent stories regarding the future. The scenarios should be practical based and based on the real-world context. It involves outside-in-thinking and the human resources department should look at the external factor that has an influence on the market and resources of the organization. Homogeneous groups can prove to be biased and hence ineffective for human resources planning (Kavanagh, Johnson, 2017). The human resources planning should make note of diverse voices so that the organization can make planning on its basis and grow. The regulatory labour framework should be considered while carrying out the human resources planning. Many people nowadays take on jobs where they behave like an independent contractor as compared to that of the employee. Outsourcing challenges the traditional notions in relation to employment and this result in unexpected determining of the plans as in such kind of a case the false assumptions gets rev ealed rather late (Crettenden et al., 2014). Globalisation particularly free movement in relation to the goods is a major trend in the world however its path is often erratic. Technology has greatly changed the nature of work and it has transformed the way business operates. It will create divisions between that of information rich and that of information poor. The organizations function within a dynamic market and organizations should take note of the external factors that can help in the growth of the organization (Armstrong Taylor, 2014).Scenario Planning will provide the organisation with sufficient time so that they can deduce how they can be successful in case of different scenarios. Directors should consider the possibilities, risks along with threats in case of each scenario that can make the company well-equipped regarding how to deal with unforeseen circumstances. An organization will thus be able to brainstorm vision for the future and investigate trends. An evaluation of the scenarios will help the company in choos ing the right policy and they would be able to make recommendations on the basis of it. An organization with the help of succession planning will be able to think about their expansion policy within next five years. Conclusion: Proper human resources planning can help in dealing with the external environment factors of the Australian organizations. Globalisation has brought in technological developments that reduce demand of unskilled labour and privatization will lead to unemployment because privatization points forward to reduction of need for labour. It thus poses a threat to the human resources planning and recruitment should be careful so that it is able to serve the vision of the organization. Knowledge transfer from the employees who are on the verge of retiring to that of younger employees can help in building a climate of mutual trust and bolster the organization. Scenario Planning takes cognizance of the plausible futures and implement suitable policies that helps in maximising the growth of the organization. References: Amer, M., Daim, T. U., Jetter, A. (2013). A review of scenario planning.Futures,46, 23-40. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Brotchie, J., Newton, P., Hall, P., Nijkamp, P. (Eds.). (2017).The future of urban form: the impact of new technology. Routledge. Crettenden, I. F., McCarty, M. V., Fenech, B. J., Heywood, T., Taitz, M. C., Tudman, S. (2014). How evidence-based workforce planning in Australia is informing policy development in the retention and distribution of the health workforce.Human Resources for Health,12, 7. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Hakansson, H. (Ed.). (2015).Industrial Technological Development (Routledge Revivals): A Network Approach. Routledge. Kavanagh, M. J., Johnson, R. D. (Eds.). (2017).Human resource information systems: Basics, applications, and future directions. Sage Publications. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016).Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Tate, W. L., Ellram, L. M., Schoenherr, T., Petersen, K. J. (2014). Global competitive conditions driving the manufacturing location decision.Business Horizons,57(3), 381-390. Wolf, C., Floyd, S. W. (2017). Strategic planning research: Toward a theory-driven agenda.Journal of Management,43(6), 1754-1788.

Qualitative Vs Quantitative Research - Which One to Choose

Qualitative and quantitative research are two of the main types of research that are implied to research and gather relevant information. Quick Links 1. What is Quantitative Research? 1.1 Quantitative Research Definition 1.2 Types of Quantitative Research 2. What is Qualitative Research 2.1 Qualitative Research Definition 2.2 Types of Qualitative Research 3. Difference Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research 3.1 Area of Research 3.2 Collection of Data 3.3 Research Outcomes 3.4 Selection of Sample 3.5 Data Analysis Method 1. What is Quantitative Research? Quantitative research design is focused more on quantity. The gathered information is presented in the form of numbers, statistical analysis and hard cold facts. 1.1 Quantitative Research Definition This type of research is focused on monitoring and analyzing statistical values and different types of data. That can be the values in research surveys, questionnaires etc. 1.2 Types of Quantitative Research Just like qualitative research, quantitative research also has a number of types that you can use for different kinds of research. Key quantitative research types include: Survey Research Survey research focuses on utilizing interviews, questionnaires and polls of research questions to get near accurate results related to behaviors. And how the subjects work and behave under specific circumstances. There are a number of ways to conduct a survey type of quantitative research. This may include interview over the telephone, via mail or chat. Correlation Research Correlation research tests and analyses the relationship between two variables and how they affect each other. This type of quantitative research is conducted to understand an occurrence. Also, the causes of it having relationship with another available factors and elements. Experimental Research It is the basis for many research and is generally carried out with the help of a hypotheses. It could either be a single statement or multiple statements. 2. What is Qualitative Research? Qualitative research is more towards presenting the researched data in detail by introducing reviews, interviews and opinions into the research report. It is more focused on statistics and results obtained through numerical data, surveys and devices that are used in the research. 2.1 Qualitative Research Definition It involves presenting ideas and themes in an in-depth and detailed manner. Supporting evidence is collected from literature reviews, in-depth interviewing and other material. 2.2 Types of Qualitative Research You should know about the different kinds of researches that are their part and could be added in the research model. Following are some of the qualitative research methods: Ethnographic Model The goal is to discover and learn the features of the culture. How it affects the participants and driving force, motivation, that keeps it going. Another example is testing the product personally or running a test before final launch. Grounded Theory Method Grounded theory method includes designing of theories through gathering and analysis of data that is available in certain subject or topic. The type of qualitative research is different from other modes of research. It starts with the existing data and moves forward to frame new concept. Case Study Model Case study research model focuses on one target or subject and study it as a whole. Data related to the subject and topic is collected through various online and offline resources for writing a case study. That includes interviews, relevant literature review and theories and concepts that are used in conjunction to understand and analyze the data.3. Difference Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research Qualitative and quantitative research differ from each other through a number of ways and elements. If you are wondering about the ways both the types are separate from each other, please move further. 3.1 Area of Research By definition, qualitative research is based on literature, case studies, reviews and reports and theories. Whereas, quantitative research is about quantities. Quantitative research monitors, evaluates and saves data in statistical report, based on numbers and findings. 3.2 Collection of Data Qualitative and quantitative data collection methods are also different. Qualitative research collects data through extremely flexible or, sometimes, unstructured or semi structured methods. They include interviews, focus groups or group discussions, observations, case studies, expert opinions, open ended surveys, observations etc. Quantitative research uses highly structured methods including surveys, observations, interviews, questionnaires, telephonic interviews and other methods of research. The qualitative research allows the participants to express their opinions in a detailed manner. Quantitative research limit this by just allowing to-the-point answers and options. 3.3 Research Outcomes Qualitative research allows for a more in-depth, detail oriented and, in many cases, accurate results. Since the respondents could add their own expressions and views into the responses. Quantitative research provides wider insight by giving targeted results that could be understood and scanned in less time. 3.4 Selection of Sample Sample selection method differs in case of qualitative and quantitative research. In qualitative research, the research sample is a small that is chosen through a preset criterion. Quantitative research includes large sample sizes that is expected to represent the population of research interest. 3.5 Data Analysis Method Qualitative and quantitative research have different methods of data analysis. In quantitative research, the data is collected. Then analyzed in the form of statistics and tabular forms and spreadsheets and the results are mostly conclusive and decisive. Qualitative research data is collected and analyzed qualitatively using solid material. For example interviews, recorded reviews and experiment tapes and detailed questionnaires to extract the required results. Qualitative vs. quantitative research has always been a hot topic. Researchers and students are in search of the research method that benefits their work the best. Qualitative and quantitative research are also used for research projects that involve both the description and statistical parts. Still having difficulty understanding which type would be best for your research? The best solution is to hire professional help for your paper. At 5StarEssays, you can contact an expert writer and get your custom paper written according to your paper requirement. Place your order now to get an A worthy research paper.

Free Essays on THE POWER, PROMISE,

THE POWER, PROMISE, AND TURMOIL OF NORTH AMERICA’S FRSH WATER The same wells that were overflowing with water centuries ago; today, are in danger of running dry. Water supply hasn’t changed; earth has the same water as it did when dinosaurs roamed the earth. Ninety-seven percent of that is salt water, and the other 3 percent is fresh water. That won’t change. The problem is simply people; our increasing numbers are abusing one of our precious resources. The world population grows by nearly 80 million people each year. The United States uses three times as much water a day-1,300 gallons per person- as the average European country. Water is diverted, disputed, dammed and polluted. Water is a commodity we can no longer take for granted. Water supply has inspired needs to create water ways to supply us with fresh water, to sustain life were it could not survive otherwise. I will be talking about the western water supply, development, pollution, and restoration. We rarely think about it. It is at our finger tips. Fresh water is the blood of our land, and the nourishment for our crops. All together the United States uses 339 billion gallons of surface water a day. Lake levels are dropping around the United States. We do not have an unlimited supply of water. Here in Florida our aquifers yield more than 4.5 billion gallons of fresh water each day. Most Floridians look for ground water for their drinking supply-nearly twice our nation’s average. Water moves, if we have something that we don’t want, we wash it away. We also store waste on our land, the problem is, that it stays there and eventually dissolves into our water supply. Our water laws differ from state to state. Our water laws let us use natural springs for our water supplies, it lets you take water from anywhere if you were the first to get there. People can tap through the ground into an aquifer and take as much... Free Essays on THE POWER, PROMISE, Free Essays on THE POWER, PROMISE, THE POWER, PROMISE, AND TURMOIL OF NORTH AMERICA’S FRSH WATER The same wells that were overflowing with water centuries ago; today, are in danger of running dry. Water supply hasn’t changed; earth has the same water as it did when dinosaurs roamed the earth. Ninety-seven percent of that is salt water, and the other 3 percent is fresh water. That won’t change. The problem is simply people; our increasing numbers are abusing one of our precious resources. The world population grows by nearly 80 million people each year. The United States uses three times as much water a day-1,300 gallons per person- as the average European country. Water is diverted, disputed, dammed and polluted. Water is a commodity we can no longer take for granted. Water supply has inspired needs to create water ways to supply us with fresh water, to sustain life were it could not survive otherwise. I will be talking about the western water supply, development, pollution, and restoration. We rarely think about it. It is at our finger tips. Fresh water is the blood of our land, and the nourishment for our crops. All together the United States uses 339 billion gallons of surface water a day. Lake levels are dropping around the United States. We do not have an unlimited supply of water. Here in Florida our aquifers yield more than 4.5 billion gallons of fresh water each day. Most Floridians look for ground water for their drinking supply-nearly twice our nation’s average. Water moves, if we have something that we don’t want, we wash it away. We also store waste on our land, the problem is, that it stays there and eventually dissolves into our water supply. Our water laws differ from state to state. Our water laws let us use natural springs for our water supplies, it lets you take water from anywhere if you were the first to get there. People can tap through the ground into an aquifer and take as much...

Assertive Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Assertive Behavior - Essay Example At the end of the vignettes there is a compiled scenario with a response following it. This scenario is totally fictitious but is carried out to show a thorough comprehension of the material that has been studied. I have begun paying a lot more attention to my social atmosphere around me and have noticed many different traits in all people of all different ethnic classes and economic levels as well. I think what starts more conflicts than anything else in society is a misjudgment of people based on first impressions and it happens to be one of my own personal fears. People look at someone and judge them based on how they wear their hair, how they dress, how they speak, and even their body language. Many disagreements among people could be avoided if they only took the time to open their eyes and look beyond that first impression and get to know people for who they really are, not the superficial aspects of individuals. I personally have my own boundaries and there are certain actions and words that can make me snap and act out inappropriately just as anyone else does. Some of these are based on specific statements concerning race and economic position in society. I hate it when people think they are better than someone else simply because they can afford a better car, more expensive clothing, and larger home. Also, it makes me very angry when people judge someone based on their color or personal beliefs. Everyone is entitled to an opinion and it should be allowed freely and without worry of being ridiculed or beaten up because of it. Isolation is a great fear I have and I have a problem with discussing certain feelings I have because I feel I will then have to deal with ignorance and inappropriate attitudes for a long time that I won’t be able to avoid. This makes me snap very easily and I don’t like that but it is something that I don’t think I

Inflation and Monetary Policy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Inflation and Monetary Policy - Term Paper Example The only time the US policymakers assume to think about the foreign exchange value of the dollar is if the dollar moves in acute fashion: if it avalanche as it did in the 1960s and 1970s (Mayer, p. 62, Truman Tally Books) or, for example, if the top amount of the dollar led Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker to apathy the awry arresting that he was accepting from the M1 ambition in aboriginal 1985. The aforementioned attitude is axiomatic in the Fed's attrition to inflation targeting. There is an evolving accord that central banks care to ballast monetary policy with advancing inflation targets. Absolute inflation targets have been a lot of advantageous in countries that accept already accomplished some amount of value stability. Whether advised or accidental, the advantage of absolute inflation targeting seems to be that the accessible comes to accept that the ambition is a long run aim. Inflation targeting helps to access believability about continued run objectives. Outside the US, threats to believability are reflected a lot of acutely in the foreign exchange markets (Taylor, 2000). This paper discusses inflation and monetary policies in the United States of America as the main topic. The paper also three more subtopics, namely Monetary Policy and Foreign Exchange Policy, The Expectations Channel and Inflation and Interest Rate and Inflation Inflation and Monetary Policy Student Enter the Name and Code Number University/College/High School Name of the Professor 11th November, 2009 Main Topic Inflation and Monetary Policy Conventionally, monetary authorities are anxious with the control of inflation in about all economies- developed and developing alike. However, the attributes of inflation is altered for developing and developed economies. For accessible and arising economies, area assets are yet not absolutely utilized, and abounding application does not exist, inflation cannot be a abiding phenomenon, if it is advised deftly. On the contrary, an attack to barrier the annoyance of inflation may collapse bread-and-butter advance and as an aftereffect bread-and-butter development may take a back seat. Moreover, if the abridgement is aperture up and amalgam with the apple economy, inflation may get alien as well. In this sense, a multidimensional access of the monetary action is added relevant Economists and monetary action makers accede that the abiding ambition of the monetary action have to chronicle to abiding inflation, and this can be accomplished through acclimation the money supply (Stock, p.102,Washington DC). The implications of monetary action on advance of output, unemployment or absorption ante is about nil in the long-term, although in the concise these may be affected. This is added in case of developed economies area abounding application already exists and the absolute advance amount is absolutely abutting to the abeyant advance rate. However, in a developing abridgement like India, an access in money accumulation and adjustment through monetary action assuredly leads to college bread-and-butter growth, abridgement in unemployment and successful control of inflation. This is because a lot of abeyant for advance still exists in such an abridgement with affluence of assets that are

Quality Assurance Of Teaching Education Essay

Quality Assurance Of Teaching Education Essay The divisions of rules that exist in the university curriculum-making authority are distributed as follows. Curriculum design is done by a team at the program-level in which courses design is in draft form. Then, as a draft of curriculum it should be approved by the department and faculty academic senate before it finally passed by the chancellor as formal curriculum for each program. This arrangement is suitable with the hierarchy of stakeholders of the institution within the university. It defines that the Faculty is organizing stakeholders and or academic activities in specific disciplines and can consist of one program or several program of study. Department is the organization of academic resources for the development of science, education and implementation of academic, professional and or profession, in part or one branch of science, technology, art and culture. The Program is the integrated study plan as guidance and academic education or profession conducted on the basis of a curriculum and aimed so that learners can master the knowledge, skills and attitudes in accordance with curriculum objectives. Based on this definition, the program is the stakeholder which takes main responsibility of curriculum design and evaluation. As will be elaborated below, the process of curriculum development involves many parties in which the program holds main duty that is initial design and determining course structure jointly with the department. Curriculum Design The formulation process of the curriculum at the program level is carried through several steps: (i) define the graduate profile, (ii) define their competences, (iii) map and translate the learning process that needed for achieving these competences in the course design, (iv) arrange the courses in suitable order and reasonable time study, (iv) synchronization of the course design with related programs. This duty is carried by the curriculum design team at the program level in which consist of: Head of the program Group of lecturers who represent each of specialization area Academic staff of the department Historically, the curriculum design has been evoluted following the rule set by directorate of higher education, Ministry of Education. It had involved three curriculums, namely curriculum 2007, curriculum 2009 and the current/undertaking revision: competence-based curriculum. Shortly, current undergoing  changes in  the curriculum  is a shift from  the target  mastery of science  and technology  into  the  emphasis on  the education process  that refers to the  context of culture  and  human  development  in a comprehensive,  global  /  universal. The target now is to produce  graduates who are  cultured  and able to  play a role  in the international world.  This is known  as a  competency-based  curriculum. The curriculum development is started by formulation of descriptive profile of the graduate. Referring to the current rule, as stated in the Chancellor decree No.897/SK/R/UI/2009 in article 2 about the objective of the program, it is stated: To generate economic undergraduate economics courses that have the ability and skills analysis of both micro and macro economics to meet the needs of analysis and research in government institutions, research institutes, banking and capital markets. According to this definition, the graduates are those who should master ability and skill as junior economist. In order to achieve this profile of competence, the entire representative of lecturers of each are/courses was involved to design the appropriate course structure. Internal course area meeting In this meeting each courses area design three important documents: GBPP(Garis-garis Besar Program Pengajaran), SAP(Satuan Acara Perkuliahan) and the syllabus. In the new term GBPP and SAP are recognized as BRP(Buku Rancangan Pengajaran) and BPKM(Buku Pedoman Kerja Mahasiswa). During the last revision this process have been conducted for . (isi tanggal rapat koordinasi internal tiap konsentrasi dan matakuliah wajib). Within the program, the area is a group of specialization in economics area. The following is the lists of area and lecturers responsible for each area. Monetary economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx International economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Industrial organization: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Public economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Human resource and labor economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Environmental and natural resource economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Regional economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Work meeting (Rapat Kerja) In order to create a good coherence and mapping of each course with the graduate profile, jointly work meeting were carried. For the last curriculum revision this meeting conducted on (Raker Bandung). The result of these process is summarized in the following tables. Table 1 Sequence of Courses of Economic Undergraduate Program (EUP) Based on Curriculum 2009 Table 1 Sequence of Courses of Economic Undergraduate Program (EUP) based on KBK The detail of the connection between each courses and competence aimed from each course is in the Appendix. Users Involvement In the curriculum development, jointly with the department, the program  also  involves users as the  important stakeholders. One of the example is during the develpment of 2009 curriculum, a focus group discussion with stakeholders were conducted on December 10, 2008. To accommodate the various type of organization of workplace for graduates, the meeting invited participants from Ministry of Finance and National Planning Agency who represented government institution, NC Sekuritas, Mandiri Sekuritas, Bahana TCW Investment MGT, Danareksa Persero, and PT Pefindo as private instituion representatives, participant from the Bank Indonesia (Central Bank), and LPEM FEUI and LD FEUI as research institution representative. From this session, there were valuable inputs as a based to revised the competence profile in order to be suitable with the users need. For example is the focus on the mastering quantitative software, loyalty, English proficiency and writing skills. As the result, wit hin the compulsory 144 unit of courses now students are required to participate more on the quantitative laboratory session, minimum of 15 unit English-based course, and the academic writing course. Students Involvement In addition, the students  involvement in the course development also considered as important as other stakeholders. Especially, the students are the main party of the curriculum implemetation. For this reason, the program also conducted several meeting with each of students bagde, e.g. meeting December 19, 2011. In this meeting there are some feebacks including the continuous improvement of writing skills which then be accomodated in the KBK curriculum design. The Curriculum Dissemination and Implementation After the curriculum is finalized as formal document of the university, the faculty has been disseminating the curriculum for all stakeholders, mainly it targets students and lecturers. This was done by two handbook: Buku Panduan Akademik and Buku Katalog Mata Ajar. In addition, the program also uses program website to inform lecturer and students about the curriculum. Figure 1 The Website Course and curriculum evaluation The role of UPMA and BPMA Specifically, the university manage teaching and learning process by the role of quality assurance body BPMA(Badan Penjaminan Mutu Akademik) at university level and UPMA(Unit Penjamin Mutu Akademik) at faculty level. Curriculum implementation then will be monitored and audited by these units. The cycle of curriculum monitoring started by formulation of quality standard then followed by monitoring, internal evaluation and finally the development and enhancement of the curriculum. In addition to the role of internal evaluation, the implementation of the curriculum is also influenced by external evaluation such as national accreditation (BAN PT) and AUN itself. Figure 2 Cycle of Curriculum Quality Assurance In Handbook of Quality Standard published by university, within the quality standard, it is stated that the curriculum component should meet the criteria of: mention explicitly the graduates competence, list of learning materials, appropriate grouping of courses, has three main documents of BRP, BPKM and syllabus, and exhibit well connection between courses to meet the required competence as the learning objectives. In addition to this indicator it also should show indicator of the availability of course reference in the library, delivery method, time study allowed and the spread of workload and student evaluation system. The cycle is summarized in the following figure. detail of audit process Once the audit by quality assurance bodies was carried, and at the same time it is the period of curriculum evaluation, the faculty will appoint a team to review and develop new curriculum. Historically we have two consecutive revision, in 2007 and 2009. detail of the 2007 and 2009 revision KPTS/449/D/2006: Prosedur Pengembangan dan Perubahan Kurikulum KPTS/29/D/2008: Pembentukan Panitia Pengembangan Kurikulum FEUI Student evaluation The monitoring from student point of view to academic progress is carried over following processes: EDOM EDOM(Evaluasi Dosen oleh Mahasiswa) is one of the formal intrument to monitor teaching process within university. This system is implemented based on the Chancellor decree number (isi SK rektor tentang EDOM). While the name of the system suggests that the evaluation is mainly on the performance of the lecturers, the evaluation components are not limited to individual lecturers evaluation but also teaching and learning in various aspects. Evaluation aspects in EDOM includes: Course content delivery of course by the lecturer Class management Course assessment Course content: evaluating the availability of course syllabus, information of references, textbooks and other leaning resources, as well as relevance of assignments with the course objectives. Delivery of course by the lecturer: evaluating the delivery methods (including the implementation of active learning methods, discussion methods), relevance of course materials with the syllabus, consistency among lectures within teaching team, encouragement by the lecturer Class management: evaluating the punctuality of sessions, learning atmosphere, the use of supporting facilities, lecturers attitudes towards feedback and support for students with problems. Course assessment: evaluating the relevance of examination and assignment with the course contents, feedback and discussion on the results of assignments and examination. Analysis based on EDOM Pros: ? Cons: it is not completely reflect student opinion rather than obligatory fill in to see their course grade Academic Councelling (Bimbingan akademik) In addition to feedback from EDOM, the program evaluates the curriculum based on the feedback from students during the consultation with the academic supervisor. This is a non-structured feedback from student that ocasionally gives valuable input, epecially related to course assesment and course management. Evidence

Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises Essay -- Small and Medium Enter

SMALL and medium enterprises (SMEs) are broadly defined as manufacturing, manufacturing-related services (MRS) and agro-based industries that employ around 200 full-time employees or have annual sales turnover of not more than RM50mil (Chermaine, 2013). Besides, the term also refer to enterprises in the services, primary agriculture and information and communication technology industries with not more than 75 full-time employees or annual sales turnover of not more than RM20mil. According to the SME Annual Report 2012, small and medium enterprises represent 98.5% of the approximately 78,000 companies in Malaysia, with the remaining 1.5% made up of multinational and public-listed companies. In many developed nations, SMEs are thought to contribute between 40% and 60% to gross domestic product and 60% and 70% of the employment, but the SME sector in Malaysia has not reached the mark yet. The core purpose of Web services is to create an exchange of data and information between businesses in real time via the Internet, and thus can be shared with customers, suppliers and other business partners of all the information needed. It is resemblance of the business model for example e-commerce or e-business that required transaction, product catalogue, and so on between supplier, company and customer. The complex e-commerce is becoming trend as Amazon.com and eBay started it to encourage other Website within other companies using it. From that, the growing of the new software, function and features will be invented. Furthermore, the rise and development of technology and communication by using the Web to conduct business is on the rise as well. Therefore, when applied to any organization that uses web services to automatically increase the value of the market, because right now, all the benefits of working on the line will help the company in its growth There are some of those benefits that will increase the value of business. An easier and efficient e-business or e-commerce application is one of the benefit can be gained by the company which is the efficiency and the easy access of business will make business flowing good and flawless. In addition, the company or organization would be able to go in the global market. As the purpose of the company want to expand their businesses, this e-commerce will help the organization going global business as the main function is online and everyone can buy it from their home as long as the customer meets the term and condition. Finally, invented the new way to do business, as this e-commerce will allow other business sector at all fields will do the same. From this, the growth of the economics and the customer will be enjoy of the variety of product that can be bought. There are a lot of benefits of Web services to Amazon, eBay and their developer partners. The first one is it allows an explosive business growth in globally because it is not only on domestic as Web services are invented for organization to go global market. This will encourage other organization will do the same method to increase their profit. Secondly, Web services help these companies to expand their market reach as promotional activities for customer to get to know the product. Target market reach will be able for the company to find their potential customer to buy their product. Thirdly, it will give users the ability to act on information any time, any place, and from any smart device. It covers up almost everything that is available t... ...e services providers begin and other competitor have no choice to lower their price in order to compete with U Mobile and it is long debate to be spot on. Back to the topic, in Aroma Hijrah itself is the new entrant in the market. So far, NSK has to compete with new retailer which are more convenience and cheap. The price wars and offering better product and services are needed. Thus, NSK came out with an idea to cover themselves from threat of new entrant. First of all, they provide a membership cards that the customer can get 1 point in every Rm1 they spend. Once they collected at some limit, NSK will provide the customer with the special gifts and the membership also allows the customer to get member prices that is lower than non-member price. Also, NSK provide N-Card Kiosk in order to check and verify their cards and its collected points. Based from my observation, NSK tend to open their store nearest factory and industry location rather than open area for business, and this probably they want attract nearest people that do not want to go out the place to shopping. . It is cleared that, NSK and Econsave are ultimate rivalry based on their current business operation and profitable. However, only one company will always be a winner and NSK is capable on this competition as they brave enough to do a 24-hour store opened located in Selayang that could capture more customer nearby and during festive season. They also brave in reduce some price of their products in order to attract the customers. Works Cited Chermaine Poo (2013). Financing for SMEs. The Star Online. http://www.thestar.com.my/Business/SME/2013/09/27/Financing-for-SMEs/ Muhyiddin Yassin (2013). SMEs. Berita Harian Online. www.beritaharianonline.com