Qualitative Vs Quantitative Research - Which One to Choose

Qualitative and quantitative research are two of the main types of research that are implied to research and gather relevant information. Quick Links 1. What is Quantitative Research? 1.1 Quantitative Research Definition 1.2 Types of Quantitative Research 2. What is Qualitative Research 2.1 Qualitative Research Definition 2.2 Types of Qualitative Research 3. Difference Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research 3.1 Area of Research 3.2 Collection of Data 3.3 Research Outcomes 3.4 Selection of Sample 3.5 Data Analysis Method 1. What is Quantitative Research? Quantitative research design is focused more on quantity. The gathered information is presented in the form of numbers, statistical analysis and hard cold facts. 1.1 Quantitative Research Definition This type of research is focused on monitoring and analyzing statistical values and different types of data. That can be the values in research surveys, questionnaires etc. 1.2 Types of Quantitative Research Just like qualitative research, quantitative research also has a number of types that you can use for different kinds of research. Key quantitative research types include: Survey Research Survey research focuses on utilizing interviews, questionnaires and polls of research questions to get near accurate results related to behaviors. And how the subjects work and behave under specific circumstances. There are a number of ways to conduct a survey type of quantitative research. This may include interview over the telephone, via mail or chat. Correlation Research Correlation research tests and analyses the relationship between two variables and how they affect each other. This type of quantitative research is conducted to understand an occurrence. Also, the causes of it having relationship with another available factors and elements. Experimental Research It is the basis for many research and is generally carried out with the help of a hypotheses. It could either be a single statement or multiple statements. 2. What is Qualitative Research? Qualitative research is more towards presenting the researched data in detail by introducing reviews, interviews and opinions into the research report. It is more focused on statistics and results obtained through numerical data, surveys and devices that are used in the research. 2.1 Qualitative Research Definition It involves presenting ideas and themes in an in-depth and detailed manner. Supporting evidence is collected from literature reviews, in-depth interviewing and other material. 2.2 Types of Qualitative Research You should know about the different kinds of researches that are their part and could be added in the research model. Following are some of the qualitative research methods: Ethnographic Model The goal is to discover and learn the features of the culture. How it affects the participants and driving force, motivation, that keeps it going. Another example is testing the product personally or running a test before final launch. Grounded Theory Method Grounded theory method includes designing of theories through gathering and analysis of data that is available in certain subject or topic. The type of qualitative research is different from other modes of research. It starts with the existing data and moves forward to frame new concept. Case Study Model Case study research model focuses on one target or subject and study it as a whole. Data related to the subject and topic is collected through various online and offline resources for writing a case study. That includes interviews, relevant literature review and theories and concepts that are used in conjunction to understand and analyze the data.3. Difference Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research Qualitative and quantitative research differ from each other through a number of ways and elements. If you are wondering about the ways both the types are separate from each other, please move further. 3.1 Area of Research By definition, qualitative research is based on literature, case studies, reviews and reports and theories. Whereas, quantitative research is about quantities. Quantitative research monitors, evaluates and saves data in statistical report, based on numbers and findings. 3.2 Collection of Data Qualitative and quantitative data collection methods are also different. Qualitative research collects data through extremely flexible or, sometimes, unstructured or semi structured methods. They include interviews, focus groups or group discussions, observations, case studies, expert opinions, open ended surveys, observations etc. Quantitative research uses highly structured methods including surveys, observations, interviews, questionnaires, telephonic interviews and other methods of research. The qualitative research allows the participants to express their opinions in a detailed manner. Quantitative research limit this by just allowing to-the-point answers and options. 3.3 Research Outcomes Qualitative research allows for a more in-depth, detail oriented and, in many cases, accurate results. Since the respondents could add their own expressions and views into the responses. Quantitative research provides wider insight by giving targeted results that could be understood and scanned in less time. 3.4 Selection of Sample Sample selection method differs in case of qualitative and quantitative research. In qualitative research, the research sample is a small that is chosen through a preset criterion. Quantitative research includes large sample sizes that is expected to represent the population of research interest. 3.5 Data Analysis Method Qualitative and quantitative research have different methods of data analysis. In quantitative research, the data is collected. Then analyzed in the form of statistics and tabular forms and spreadsheets and the results are mostly conclusive and decisive. Qualitative research data is collected and analyzed qualitatively using solid material. For example interviews, recorded reviews and experiment tapes and detailed questionnaires to extract the required results. Qualitative vs. quantitative research has always been a hot topic. Researchers and students are in search of the research method that benefits their work the best. Qualitative and quantitative research are also used for research projects that involve both the description and statistical parts. Still having difficulty understanding which type would be best for your research? The best solution is to hire professional help for your paper. At 5StarEssays, you can contact an expert writer and get your custom paper written according to your paper requirement. Place your order now to get an A worthy research paper.

Free Essays on THE POWER, PROMISE,

THE POWER, PROMISE, AND TURMOIL OF NORTH AMERICA’S FRSH WATER The same wells that were overflowing with water centuries ago; today, are in danger of running dry. Water supply hasn’t changed; earth has the same water as it did when dinosaurs roamed the earth. Ninety-seven percent of that is salt water, and the other 3 percent is fresh water. That won’t change. The problem is simply people; our increasing numbers are abusing one of our precious resources. The world population grows by nearly 80 million people each year. The United States uses three times as much water a day-1,300 gallons per person- as the average European country. Water is diverted, disputed, dammed and polluted. Water is a commodity we can no longer take for granted. Water supply has inspired needs to create water ways to supply us with fresh water, to sustain life were it could not survive otherwise. I will be talking about the western water supply, development, pollution, and restoration. We rarely think about it. It is at our finger tips. Fresh water is the blood of our land, and the nourishment for our crops. All together the United States uses 339 billion gallons of surface water a day. Lake levels are dropping around the United States. We do not have an unlimited supply of water. Here in Florida our aquifers yield more than 4.5 billion gallons of fresh water each day. Most Floridians look for ground water for their drinking supply-nearly twice our nation’s average. Water moves, if we have something that we don’t want, we wash it away. We also store waste on our land, the problem is, that it stays there and eventually dissolves into our water supply. Our water laws differ from state to state. Our water laws let us use natural springs for our water supplies, it lets you take water from anywhere if you were the first to get there. People can tap through the ground into an aquifer and take as much... Free Essays on THE POWER, PROMISE, Free Essays on THE POWER, PROMISE, THE POWER, PROMISE, AND TURMOIL OF NORTH AMERICA’S FRSH WATER The same wells that were overflowing with water centuries ago; today, are in danger of running dry. Water supply hasn’t changed; earth has the same water as it did when dinosaurs roamed the earth. Ninety-seven percent of that is salt water, and the other 3 percent is fresh water. That won’t change. The problem is simply people; our increasing numbers are abusing one of our precious resources. The world population grows by nearly 80 million people each year. The United States uses three times as much water a day-1,300 gallons per person- as the average European country. Water is diverted, disputed, dammed and polluted. Water is a commodity we can no longer take for granted. Water supply has inspired needs to create water ways to supply us with fresh water, to sustain life were it could not survive otherwise. I will be talking about the western water supply, development, pollution, and restoration. We rarely think about it. It is at our finger tips. Fresh water is the blood of our land, and the nourishment for our crops. All together the United States uses 339 billion gallons of surface water a day. Lake levels are dropping around the United States. We do not have an unlimited supply of water. Here in Florida our aquifers yield more than 4.5 billion gallons of fresh water each day. Most Floridians look for ground water for their drinking supply-nearly twice our nation’s average. Water moves, if we have something that we don’t want, we wash it away. We also store waste on our land, the problem is, that it stays there and eventually dissolves into our water supply. Our water laws differ from state to state. Our water laws let us use natural springs for our water supplies, it lets you take water from anywhere if you were the first to get there. People can tap through the ground into an aquifer and take as much...

Assertive Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Assertive Behavior - Essay Example At the end of the vignettes there is a compiled scenario with a response following it. This scenario is totally fictitious but is carried out to show a thorough comprehension of the material that has been studied. I have begun paying a lot more attention to my social atmosphere around me and have noticed many different traits in all people of all different ethnic classes and economic levels as well. I think what starts more conflicts than anything else in society is a misjudgment of people based on first impressions and it happens to be one of my own personal fears. People look at someone and judge them based on how they wear their hair, how they dress, how they speak, and even their body language. Many disagreements among people could be avoided if they only took the time to open their eyes and look beyond that first impression and get to know people for who they really are, not the superficial aspects of individuals. I personally have my own boundaries and there are certain actions and words that can make me snap and act out inappropriately just as anyone else does. Some of these are based on specific statements concerning race and economic position in society. I hate it when people think they are better than someone else simply because they can afford a better car, more expensive clothing, and larger home. Also, it makes me very angry when people judge someone based on their color or personal beliefs. Everyone is entitled to an opinion and it should be allowed freely and without worry of being ridiculed or beaten up because of it. Isolation is a great fear I have and I have a problem with discussing certain feelings I have because I feel I will then have to deal with ignorance and inappropriate attitudes for a long time that I won’t be able to avoid. This makes me snap very easily and I don’t like that but it is something that I don’t think I

Inflation and Monetary Policy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Inflation and Monetary Policy - Term Paper Example The only time the US policymakers assume to think about the foreign exchange value of the dollar is if the dollar moves in acute fashion: if it avalanche as it did in the 1960s and 1970s (Mayer, p. 62, Truman Tally Books) or, for example, if the top amount of the dollar led Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker to apathy the awry arresting that he was accepting from the M1 ambition in aboriginal 1985. The aforementioned attitude is axiomatic in the Fed's attrition to inflation targeting. There is an evolving accord that central banks care to ballast monetary policy with advancing inflation targets. Absolute inflation targets have been a lot of advantageous in countries that accept already accomplished some amount of value stability. Whether advised or accidental, the advantage of absolute inflation targeting seems to be that the accessible comes to accept that the ambition is a long run aim. Inflation targeting helps to access believability about continued run objectives. Outside the US, threats to believability are reflected a lot of acutely in the foreign exchange markets (Taylor, 2000). This paper discusses inflation and monetary policies in the United States of America as the main topic. The paper also three more subtopics, namely Monetary Policy and Foreign Exchange Policy, The Expectations Channel and Inflation and Interest Rate and Inflation Inflation and Monetary Policy Student Enter the Name and Code Number University/College/High School Name of the Professor 11th November, 2009 Main Topic Inflation and Monetary Policy Conventionally, monetary authorities are anxious with the control of inflation in about all economies- developed and developing alike. However, the attributes of inflation is altered for developing and developed economies. For accessible and arising economies, area assets are yet not absolutely utilized, and abounding application does not exist, inflation cannot be a abiding phenomenon, if it is advised deftly. On the contrary, an attack to barrier the annoyance of inflation may collapse bread-and-butter advance and as an aftereffect bread-and-butter development may take a back seat. Moreover, if the abridgement is aperture up and amalgam with the apple economy, inflation may get alien as well. In this sense, a multidimensional access of the monetary action is added relevant Economists and monetary action makers accede that the abiding ambition of the monetary action have to chronicle to abiding inflation, and this can be accomplished through acclimation the money supply (Stock, p.102,Washington DC). The implications of monetary action on advance of output, unemployment or absorption ante is about nil in the long-term, although in the concise these may be affected. This is added in case of developed economies area abounding application already exists and the absolute advance amount is absolutely abutting to the abeyant advance rate. However, in a developing abridgement like India, an access in money accumulation and adjustment through monetary action assuredly leads to college bread-and-butter growth, abridgement in unemployment and successful control of inflation. This is because a lot of abeyant for advance still exists in such an abridgement with affluence of assets that are

Quality Assurance Of Teaching Education Essay

Quality Assurance Of Teaching Education Essay The divisions of rules that exist in the university curriculum-making authority are distributed as follows. Curriculum design is done by a team at the program-level in which courses design is in draft form. Then, as a draft of curriculum it should be approved by the department and faculty academic senate before it finally passed by the chancellor as formal curriculum for each program. This arrangement is suitable with the hierarchy of stakeholders of the institution within the university. It defines that the Faculty is organizing stakeholders and or academic activities in specific disciplines and can consist of one program or several program of study. Department is the organization of academic resources for the development of science, education and implementation of academic, professional and or profession, in part or one branch of science, technology, art and culture. The Program is the integrated study plan as guidance and academic education or profession conducted on the basis of a curriculum and aimed so that learners can master the knowledge, skills and attitudes in accordance with curriculum objectives. Based on this definition, the program is the stakeholder which takes main responsibility of curriculum design and evaluation. As will be elaborated below, the process of curriculum development involves many parties in which the program holds main duty that is initial design and determining course structure jointly with the department. Curriculum Design The formulation process of the curriculum at the program level is carried through several steps: (i) define the graduate profile, (ii) define their competences, (iii) map and translate the learning process that needed for achieving these competences in the course design, (iv) arrange the courses in suitable order and reasonable time study, (iv) synchronization of the course design with related programs. This duty is carried by the curriculum design team at the program level in which consist of: Head of the program Group of lecturers who represent each of specialization area Academic staff of the department Historically, the curriculum design has been evoluted following the rule set by directorate of higher education, Ministry of Education. It had involved three curriculums, namely curriculum 2007, curriculum 2009 and the current/undertaking revision: competence-based curriculum. Shortly, current undergoing  changes in  the curriculum  is a shift from  the target  mastery of science  and technology  into  the  emphasis on  the education process  that refers to the  context of culture  and  human  development  in a comprehensive,  global  /  universal. The target now is to produce  graduates who are  cultured  and able to  play a role  in the international world.  This is known  as a  competency-based  curriculum. The curriculum development is started by formulation of descriptive profile of the graduate. Referring to the current rule, as stated in the Chancellor decree No.897/SK/R/UI/2009 in article 2 about the objective of the program, it is stated: To generate economic undergraduate economics courses that have the ability and skills analysis of both micro and macro economics to meet the needs of analysis and research in government institutions, research institutes, banking and capital markets. According to this definition, the graduates are those who should master ability and skill as junior economist. In order to achieve this profile of competence, the entire representative of lecturers of each are/courses was involved to design the appropriate course structure. Internal course area meeting In this meeting each courses area design three important documents: GBPP(Garis-garis Besar Program Pengajaran), SAP(Satuan Acara Perkuliahan) and the syllabus. In the new term GBPP and SAP are recognized as BRP(Buku Rancangan Pengajaran) and BPKM(Buku Pedoman Kerja Mahasiswa). During the last revision this process have been conducted for . (isi tanggal rapat koordinasi internal tiap konsentrasi dan matakuliah wajib). Within the program, the area is a group of specialization in economics area. The following is the lists of area and lecturers responsible for each area. Monetary economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx International economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Industrial organization: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Public economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Human resource and labor economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Environmental and natural resource economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Regional economics: Prof. xxx, Dr. xxxx Work meeting (Rapat Kerja) In order to create a good coherence and mapping of each course with the graduate profile, jointly work meeting were carried. For the last curriculum revision this meeting conducted on (Raker Bandung). The result of these process is summarized in the following tables. Table 1 Sequence of Courses of Economic Undergraduate Program (EUP) Based on Curriculum 2009 Table 1 Sequence of Courses of Economic Undergraduate Program (EUP) based on KBK The detail of the connection between each courses and competence aimed from each course is in the Appendix. Users Involvement In the curriculum development, jointly with the department, the program  also  involves users as the  important stakeholders. One of the example is during the develpment of 2009 curriculum, a focus group discussion with stakeholders were conducted on December 10, 2008. To accommodate the various type of organization of workplace for graduates, the meeting invited participants from Ministry of Finance and National Planning Agency who represented government institution, NC Sekuritas, Mandiri Sekuritas, Bahana TCW Investment MGT, Danareksa Persero, and PT Pefindo as private instituion representatives, participant from the Bank Indonesia (Central Bank), and LPEM FEUI and LD FEUI as research institution representative. From this session, there were valuable inputs as a based to revised the competence profile in order to be suitable with the users need. For example is the focus on the mastering quantitative software, loyalty, English proficiency and writing skills. As the result, wit hin the compulsory 144 unit of courses now students are required to participate more on the quantitative laboratory session, minimum of 15 unit English-based course, and the academic writing course. Students Involvement In addition, the students  involvement in the course development also considered as important as other stakeholders. Especially, the students are the main party of the curriculum implemetation. For this reason, the program also conducted several meeting with each of students bagde, e.g. meeting December 19, 2011. In this meeting there are some feebacks including the continuous improvement of writing skills which then be accomodated in the KBK curriculum design. The Curriculum Dissemination and Implementation After the curriculum is finalized as formal document of the university, the faculty has been disseminating the curriculum for all stakeholders, mainly it targets students and lecturers. This was done by two handbook: Buku Panduan Akademik and Buku Katalog Mata Ajar. In addition, the program also uses program website to inform lecturer and students about the curriculum. Figure 1 The Website Course and curriculum evaluation The role of UPMA and BPMA Specifically, the university manage teaching and learning process by the role of quality assurance body BPMA(Badan Penjaminan Mutu Akademik) at university level and UPMA(Unit Penjamin Mutu Akademik) at faculty level. Curriculum implementation then will be monitored and audited by these units. The cycle of curriculum monitoring started by formulation of quality standard then followed by monitoring, internal evaluation and finally the development and enhancement of the curriculum. In addition to the role of internal evaluation, the implementation of the curriculum is also influenced by external evaluation such as national accreditation (BAN PT) and AUN itself. Figure 2 Cycle of Curriculum Quality Assurance In Handbook of Quality Standard published by university, within the quality standard, it is stated that the curriculum component should meet the criteria of: mention explicitly the graduates competence, list of learning materials, appropriate grouping of courses, has three main documents of BRP, BPKM and syllabus, and exhibit well connection between courses to meet the required competence as the learning objectives. In addition to this indicator it also should show indicator of the availability of course reference in the library, delivery method, time study allowed and the spread of workload and student evaluation system. The cycle is summarized in the following figure. detail of audit process Once the audit by quality assurance bodies was carried, and at the same time it is the period of curriculum evaluation, the faculty will appoint a team to review and develop new curriculum. Historically we have two consecutive revision, in 2007 and 2009. detail of the 2007 and 2009 revision KPTS/449/D/2006: Prosedur Pengembangan dan Perubahan Kurikulum KPTS/29/D/2008: Pembentukan Panitia Pengembangan Kurikulum FEUI Student evaluation The monitoring from student point of view to academic progress is carried over following processes: EDOM EDOM(Evaluasi Dosen oleh Mahasiswa) is one of the formal intrument to monitor teaching process within university. This system is implemented based on the Chancellor decree number (isi SK rektor tentang EDOM). While the name of the system suggests that the evaluation is mainly on the performance of the lecturers, the evaluation components are not limited to individual lecturers evaluation but also teaching and learning in various aspects. Evaluation aspects in EDOM includes: Course content delivery of course by the lecturer Class management Course assessment Course content: evaluating the availability of course syllabus, information of references, textbooks and other leaning resources, as well as relevance of assignments with the course objectives. Delivery of course by the lecturer: evaluating the delivery methods (including the implementation of active learning methods, discussion methods), relevance of course materials with the syllabus, consistency among lectures within teaching team, encouragement by the lecturer Class management: evaluating the punctuality of sessions, learning atmosphere, the use of supporting facilities, lecturers attitudes towards feedback and support for students with problems. Course assessment: evaluating the relevance of examination and assignment with the course contents, feedback and discussion on the results of assignments and examination. Analysis based on EDOM Pros: ? Cons: it is not completely reflect student opinion rather than obligatory fill in to see their course grade Academic Councelling (Bimbingan akademik) In addition to feedback from EDOM, the program evaluates the curriculum based on the feedback from students during the consultation with the academic supervisor. This is a non-structured feedback from student that ocasionally gives valuable input, epecially related to course assesment and course management. Evidence

Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises Essay -- Small and Medium Enter

SMALL and medium enterprises (SMEs) are broadly defined as manufacturing, manufacturing-related services (MRS) and agro-based industries that employ around 200 full-time employees or have annual sales turnover of not more than RM50mil (Chermaine, 2013). Besides, the term also refer to enterprises in the services, primary agriculture and information and communication technology industries with not more than 75 full-time employees or annual sales turnover of not more than RM20mil. According to the SME Annual Report 2012, small and medium enterprises represent 98.5% of the approximately 78,000 companies in Malaysia, with the remaining 1.5% made up of multinational and public-listed companies. In many developed nations, SMEs are thought to contribute between 40% and 60% to gross domestic product and 60% and 70% of the employment, but the SME sector in Malaysia has not reached the mark yet. The core purpose of Web services is to create an exchange of data and information between businesses in real time via the Internet, and thus can be shared with customers, suppliers and other business partners of all the information needed. It is resemblance of the business model for example e-commerce or e-business that required transaction, product catalogue, and so on between supplier, company and customer. The complex e-commerce is becoming trend as Amazon.com and eBay started it to encourage other Website within other companies using it. From that, the growing of the new software, function and features will be invented. Furthermore, the rise and development of technology and communication by using the Web to conduct business is on the rise as well. Therefore, when applied to any organization that uses web services to automatically increase the value of the market, because right now, all the benefits of working on the line will help the company in its growth There are some of those benefits that will increase the value of business. An easier and efficient e-business or e-commerce application is one of the benefit can be gained by the company which is the efficiency and the easy access of business will make business flowing good and flawless. In addition, the company or organization would be able to go in the global market. As the purpose of the company want to expand their businesses, this e-commerce will help the organization going global business as the main function is online and everyone can buy it from their home as long as the customer meets the term and condition. Finally, invented the new way to do business, as this e-commerce will allow other business sector at all fields will do the same. From this, the growth of the economics and the customer will be enjoy of the variety of product that can be bought. There are a lot of benefits of Web services to Amazon, eBay and their developer partners. The first one is it allows an explosive business growth in globally because it is not only on domestic as Web services are invented for organization to go global market. This will encourage other organization will do the same method to increase their profit. Secondly, Web services help these companies to expand their market reach as promotional activities for customer to get to know the product. Target market reach will be able for the company to find their potential customer to buy their product. Thirdly, it will give users the ability to act on information any time, any place, and from any smart device. It covers up almost everything that is available t... ...e services providers begin and other competitor have no choice to lower their price in order to compete with U Mobile and it is long debate to be spot on. Back to the topic, in Aroma Hijrah itself is the new entrant in the market. So far, NSK has to compete with new retailer which are more convenience and cheap. The price wars and offering better product and services are needed. Thus, NSK came out with an idea to cover themselves from threat of new entrant. First of all, they provide a membership cards that the customer can get 1 point in every Rm1 they spend. Once they collected at some limit, NSK will provide the customer with the special gifts and the membership also allows the customer to get member prices that is lower than non-member price. Also, NSK provide N-Card Kiosk in order to check and verify their cards and its collected points. Based from my observation, NSK tend to open their store nearest factory and industry location rather than open area for business, and this probably they want attract nearest people that do not want to go out the place to shopping. . It is cleared that, NSK and Econsave are ultimate rivalry based on their current business operation and profitable. However, only one company will always be a winner and NSK is capable on this competition as they brave enough to do a 24-hour store opened located in Selayang that could capture more customer nearby and during festive season. They also brave in reduce some price of their products in order to attract the customers. Works Cited Chermaine Poo (2013). Financing for SMEs. The Star Online. http://www.thestar.com.my/Business/SME/2013/09/27/Financing-for-SMEs/ Muhyiddin Yassin (2013). SMEs. Berita Harian Online. www.beritaharianonline.com

Implications of Islamic finance for securities law in New Zealand Essay

The global growth and development of Shari’ah compliant financial products has been more pronounced in the last three decades, when several countries already had established laws and regulations governing finance and securities. The materialization of variety of capital market products, compounded by progression of market activity, not confined to the traditional jurisdictions in Asia and the Middle East and the development and advancement of technology has led to global trade in Shari’ah compliant products not limited by the geographical boundaries, whereas New Zealand has laws governing investment and finance, what are the implications of Islamic finance for securities law in New Zealand? Furthermore how has the development of Shari’ah compliant financial products occurred in New Zealand and what is the regulatory treatment of these products? Introduction Islamic capital securities and Shari’ah compliant products, which were previously predominantly viewed as a preserve of Middle East and East Asia, has received geographical expansion beyond the traditional spheres of activity. The global impacts of Shari’ah compliant products resulted to the recognition of such products, hence International Organization of Securities Commissions hence creating Islamic Capital Market Task Force to access the compatibility of IOSCO? s core principles with the products and practices of Islamic finance. The securities of several countries were created and implemented before the global recognition of Islamic laws concerning finance and securities. In New Zealand, several laws which govern securities were implemented long before IOSCO’s creation and recognition of Islamic Capital Market Task Force, these laws include The Securities Act 1978, Securities Regulations 1983, The Securities Markets Act 1988, Securities Act (Contributory Mortgage) Regulations 1988, Financial Reporting Act 1993, Securities (Fees) Regulations 1998 and the Securities Markets (Fees) Regulations 2003. The growth of compliant financial services as experienced global growth and several measurement metrics have been recognised, such as FTSE Global Islamic Index Series, Global Dow Jones Islamic Market Index , FTSE Shari’ahh Global Equity Index , Bursa Malaysia Hijrah Shari’ahh and EMAS Shari’ahh indices, FTSE SET Shari’ahh Index, FTSE SGX Shari’ahh Index Series and the FTSE SGX Shari’ah Index Series which on critical analysis reveals that the global performance of Shari’ah compliant financial services has been on the positive trend, however New Zealand does not have Islamic compliant Series and as such, whereas the laws have been amended and changed several times, the global influence of Shari’ah compliant products is bound to have adverse impacts on the securities law in New Zealand. Literature Review The Islamic finance sectors in terms of Shari’ah compliance incorporate diverse spectrum of financial services such as securities, banking, insurance, non-bank monetary arbitration and capital markets where these products are influenced by the common Shari’ah legal maxim where any action is permitted unless expressible prohibited by law According to El-Hawary, Grais & Iqbal the growth of Islamic finance in the 1980’s and 1990’s involved mainly the augmentation of banking and trade-related financing activities. The Islamic finance sector is a product of Shari’ah laws, which are founded on Qur’an, Ahadith , Ijma, Qiyas, and Ijtihad, the laws however traverse the Islamic way of life in entirety, where associated influence of rules, laws and interpretations of Shari’ah is demonstrated in the religious, cultural, social, political and communal aspects of Muslims. According to Muhammad Ashraf , the convergence of the country’s regulatory laws, and the Shari’ah compliancy should be based on the principle of concordare leges legibus est optims interpretandi modus which dictates that the best mode of interpreting laws is to make laws agree with laws. New Zealand being a member of International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) which mandated the formation of an Islamic Capital Market Task Force (ICMTF) is envisioned to embrace fully and conform with international defined standards of Shari’ah compliancy, however the Securities Act 1978, which regulates primary markets in New Zealand forms a basis of regulation, Securities Markets Act 1988 regulates secondary markets, furthermore there exists legislations that impact on securities such as Unit Trusts Act 1960, Financial Reporting Act 1993, KiwiSaver Act 2006, and Companies Act 1993, these acts come in force before the prominence of Shari’ah compliant financial products. Mansoor H Khan , and argues that the implications of Islamic finance on laws are a challenge based on divergence of Islamic banking courts and conventional court systems, where disputed cases of the Islamic banks are subjected conventional legal system while in essence the nature of the legal system of Islam differs, he further argues existing laws, are repugnant to injunctions of Islam, yet they are expected to promulgate Shari’ah compliant legal cases and products. This supports the argument by Yong-Jae Chang , and Jun-Hee Choi , where existent laws are identified as inhibitors to development of Shari’ah compliant products, and advocates amendment of existing laws since Islamic banking resembles universal banking, consequently, laws and regulations need to be amended accordingly to provision for the universal approach, this complies with Securities Act 1978, which grants the Securities Commission leeway to co-operate with similar bodies overseas. The connotation of Islamic finance are disposed by the Shari’ah laws governing finance and investment, which are bound to have influence is the principle of materiality where financial transactions should bear material in terms of actual monetary transaction. In this case Shari’ah compliancy in terms of financial reward achievement is based on musharaka, in terms of joint ventures, where risks and financial results are shared by the contributing partners and mudaraba centred on trust financing where the outcome of business venture is shared by capital contributor and the managing partner. Shari’ah laws also prohibits predetermined interest rate, referred as riba or usury set ex ante, in this regard banks are disallowed from charging additional interests, which do not equally benefit the client, consideration of New Zealand laws, Securities Markets Act 1988 , requires brokers and investment advisers offer customers written disclosure statement and forbids market manipulation, hence agreeing with Shari’ah. With the principle of risk-sharing, the finance provider as well as the loaned party share risks, in exchange of profits and losses, the attractiveness of such arrangement has enhanced the growth of Shari’ah compliant especially to risk averse investors, regulations however have to be modified to suit such an arrangement. The Securities Act 1978 & Securities Regulations 1983 allows clients to cancel allotment of security midterm as a result of misleading information, on the Islamic perspective, Shari’ah dictates murabaha (mark-up financing), which occurs in terms of Basic Murabaha, Commodity Murabaha and Reverse Murabaha in which a financing institution buys products for a client and sells them on on a deferred basis, adding an agreed profit margin , however the agreement can be cancelled midterm, this conforms with existing laws on securities and can foster development of Shari’ah compliant products. Ijara which governs operating Lease and Ijara wa Iqtina which governs finance Lease are also products which demand less amendment of existing laws, since they are modelled on conventional sale agreements where the financial institutions acquire assets and leases them to a customer who may purchase the said assets at a later date, this is also exhibited in Diminishing Musharaka. On contrast however, qard hassana which prohibits charging interest on loans and bai’salam or bai’salaf is based on delivery or the purchased commodity, are different from the conventionally accepted principles of financial institutions which are geared towards achieving profits by charging interests. According to IOSCO report, Shari’ah law prohibits gharar or improbability or speculation, in actual sense however, financial markets are laden with vibrant and fickle behavior, whereas Shari’ah principle states that complete disclosure of information is a requisite and disallows indiscretion of information in a contract, while allowing improbability with controllable on the society, in New Zealand, the Financial Reporting Act 1993 , agrees with the Shari’ah laws and further defines the terms of compliance by defining the punitive measures against truant financial institutions. Conclusion The global pace of market development hint on interest to offer Shari’ahh compliant financial products by financial institutions globally, the fact that regulatory bodies such as International Organization Of Securities Commissions distinguishes these products means that global recognition and regulation of Islamic finance is eminent, with collaboration, information exchange and thematic work by financial institutions globally, New Zealand financial institutions will be compelled to offer Shari’ah compliant products, in essence this shall contribute to altering of the country’s laws to accommodate the new product.